Carbon News
  • Members
    • Login
      Forgot Password?
    • Not a member? Subscribe
    • Forgot Password
      Back to Login
    • Not a member? Subscribe
  • Home
  • New Zealand
    • Politics
    • Energy
    • Agriculture
    • Carbon emissions
    • Transport
    • Forestry
    • Business
  • Markets
    • Analysis
    • NZ carbon price
  • International
    • Australia
    • United States
    • China
    • Europe
    • United Kingdom
    • Canada
    • Asia
    • Pacific
    • Antarctic/Arctic
    • Africa
    • South America
    • United Nations
  • News Direct
    • Media releases
    • Climate calendar
  • About Carbon News
    • Contact us
    • Advertising
    • Subscribe
    • Service
    • Policies

Topics tagged with 'Paris Agreement'

More in: Paris Agreement
Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 of 9 Next

Second emissions reduction plan still off-track

11 Dec 2024

The government has released its final emissions reduction plan for 2026-30, copping criticism for relying on unproven technology such as carbon capture and storage, as well as failing to meet crucial climate targets.

Changes to limit ETS forestry will have 'dire consequences' - foresters

5 Dec 2024

Foresters say that new rules limiting farm to forestry conversions under the Emissions Trading Scheme are set to have dire consequences for forest growers as well as for the country’s ability to meet climate targets.

Govt releases controversial methane review

5 Dec 2024

The Government “will carefully consider” the findings of an independent review on New Zealand’s biogenic methane science and targets, it announced yesterday.

Auction preview: experts predict partial clearance tomorrow

3 Dec 2024

The secondary carbon market is trading just above the $64 auction floor, as tomorrow’s highly anticipated auction looms - the fourth and final of 2024.

Pacific Youth hope historic hearing in the Hague delivers climate justice where COP did not

3 Dec 2024

Media release | Save the Children is urging world leaders to heed the call of Pacific children and young people as a landmark action to clarify states’ obligations to tackle the climate crisis gets underway before the International Court of Justice.

Luxon noncommittal on 2030 climate target

2 Dec 2024

Christopher Luxon was put in the hot seat on Q&A with Jack Tame over the weekend, with Tame grilling the prime minister about his party's promises to meet climate change targets.

United Nations carbon market rules agreed but concerns remain

25 Nov 2024

New carbon market rules agreed at the fractious UN climate summit will be a relief to New Zealand and Singapore, who were leading the negotiations, but concerns about greenwashing and disadvantaging nature-based solutions remain.

Complex Article 6 rules pave way to unruly carbon markets

25 Nov 2024

Media release | Despite the best efforts of activists and some climate negotiators, the agreement reached on Article 6 carbon markets at COP29 in Baku risks facilitating cowboy carbon markets at a time when the world needs a sheriff.

COP29 ends with deal on climate finance after bitter fight

25 Nov 2024

Nearly 200 countries agreed to triple the amount of money available to help developing countries confront rapidly warming temperatures.

Minister at fraught summit as NZ downgraded in global climate rankings

21 Nov 2024

Climate change minister Simon Watts reaffirmed his commitment to New Zealand’s emission reduction targets at the global climate summit at the same time as the country was downgraded in global climate rankings.

Delaying agricultural emissions pricing comes with a cost

20 Nov 2024

Holding back on agricultural emissions pricing could cost New Zealand hundreds of millions more in future offshore climate mitigation.

Govt opens consultation on next international climate target

20 Nov 2024

The government has opened public consultation on its international climate change target, which needs to be set by February 2025.

New carbon market rules could lock out forestry

19 Nov 2024

By Liz Kivi | New carbon market rules negotiated at the United Nations climate summit could have negative consequences for carbon forestry in New Zealand, experts are warning.

What is the ‘new collective quantified goal’ on climate finance?

19 Nov 2024

Countries need to invest trillions of dollars to build clean-energy systems, prepare for an increasingly hotter world and deal with the aftermath of climate change-fuelled disasters, and the UN climate convention specifically requires developed nations to provide climate finance to help developing countries do this.

Pacific debt surging as climate impacts hit

18 Nov 2024

Media release | With Pacific countries swamped by surging climate debt, New Zealand has the moral authority to head off a regional debt crisis, says Caritas Aotearoa New Zealand.

Ultra-rich using jets like taxis, climate scientists say

18 Nov 2024

The mega-rich are using private jets like taxis, warn climate scientists who tracked flights to calculate the planet-warming gases they release.

Will govt consult the public over climate target?

15 Nov 2024

The government seems to be planning to limit public consultation around its next international climate target, which must be set by early February.

Media round-up

15 Nov 2024

In our weekly round-up of climate coverage in local media: A spotlight on COP29; United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres says the world is in the final countdown to limit global temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius; and NZ is warned against 'blood offsets'.

Shell wins landmark climate case against green groups in Dutch appeal

14 Nov 2024

Oil giant Shell has won a landmark case in the Dutch courts, overturning an earlier ruling requiring it to cut its carbon emissions by 45%.

Extreme weather events linked to climate change have cost the world $2 trillion over the past decade, report finds

14 Nov 2024

According to a new report by the International Chamber of Commerce and consultancy firm Oxera, extreme weather events over the past 10 years have cost a total of $2 trillion globally. The countries that have faced the biggest losses include the U.S., China and India.

Zero chance NZ pulls out of climate agreement: Upton

13 Nov 2024

If Donald Trump pulls the United States out of the Paris Agreement, it’s not likely other countries such as New Zealand will follow, according to Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment Simon Upton.

NZ experts on UN climate conference

12 Nov 2024

With the United Nations’ major climate summit kicking off in oil-rich Azerbaijan, New Zealand’s climate policy experts are divided over the value of the meeting.

Major Pacific climate study launches at COP29

12 Nov 2024

Climate adaptation strategies, including relocating households and villages, are already being employed across the Pacific region, according to a new study.

Govt could make significant domestic reductions towards second NDC - but needs to hurry up

8 Nov 2024

The government could find much of the needed emissions reductions for its next Paris Agreement pledge at home – but needs to get on with it, says new analysis from the Climate Change Commission.

NZ can do better on climate policy, says auditor general

8 Nov 2024

New Zealand’s legislative framework is a strength of its response to climate change, however it is not doing so well in other areas, according to a new report.

Constraints on forestry set to slash unit supply

8 Nov 2024

COMMENT: Carbon unit supply from forestry looks set to be limited by multiple factors - and by 2040 NZUs from new forestry are likely to fulfill only a fraction of demand, writes Ollie Batelier-Belton.

Deadlock over climate finance is undermining Paris agreement, Singapore minister says

8 Nov 2024

Efforts by the United States and others to persuade more countries to contribute to a new global climate financing initiative risks undermining the Paris agreement, Singapore's Environment Minister Grace Fu told Reuters on Wednesday.

Carbon price inching up as auction looms

7 Nov 2024

The carbon price is still inching up towards the auction floor, with the final auction for 2024 less than a month away. But the US election result means uncertain times for global environmental markets, according to an expert.

Nine years after the Paris Agreement, the UN confronts the world’s failure to reduce greenhouse gas emissions

4 Nov 2024

In one of three new reports on emissions, UN officials went as far as saying that the Paris Agreement’s goal of limiting warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius may be out of reach.

Govt should expect scrutiny over international climate targets

31 Oct 2024

The government should expect international scrutiny over progress towards its climate pledge, according to its own advisors.

Carbon credits essential part of decarbonisation toolkit: new report

31 Oct 2024

Carbon credits remain at the heart of global efforts to limit dangerous climate change, with prices predicted to rise towards US$125 by 2035, according to new analysis.

NZ adopts 'underwhelming' Commonwealth Ocean Declaration

30 Oct 2024

Commonwealth nations including Aotearoa and Pacific Island states have adopted the Apia Commonwealth Ocean Declaration.

Govt to invest $20 million for Pacific disaster and climate resilience

29 Oct 2024

New Zealand will contribute $20 million to the Pacific Resilience Facility.

Planet will warm as much as 3.1°C under current policies: UN Report

29 Oct 2024

Without greater action, the planet will warm as much as 3.1 degrees Celsius, with a “massive gap between rhetoric and reality” that must be closed by new climate pledges under the Paris Agreement, according to the UN.

Investors are ramping up climate advocacy, with all eyes on COP29

29 Oct 2024

Investors the world over are calling on governments to use every tool in their toolbox, from fiscal carrots to regulatory sticks, to ensure industries can pivot and prosper in a clean energy future.

Auckland remains off track to meet climate target

22 Oct 2024

Auckland Council remains off track to reach its own climate targets, according to a new progress report, which shows emissions are rising rather tracking down to zero by 2050.

Govt finances still don’t recognise climate liability

17 Oct 2024

Treasury has failed to recognise a liability for New Zealand’s international climate commitments in its latest financial statement, with its position unchanged on the multibillion dollar price tag of purchasing offshore mitigation.

NZ must work with other countries to reach climate goals: new research

14 Oct 2024

By Liz Kivi | Aotearoa’s international climate targets can only be met through funding significant emissions reductions in other countries. But a lack of public support to spend this money overseas is paralysing New Zealand’s progress towards its goal, according to researchers.

UN carbon trading expert group agrees deal on market framework

14 Oct 2024

A UN expert group has reached a compromise on key elements of a global carbon trading system, in a bid to resolve nearly a decade of talks on what is seen as an important tool for raising climate finance.

The EU’s (vague) climate aid stance: Want more money? Get more donors

14 Oct 2024

The bloc won’t say how much money it’s willing to put up before other details are firmed up.

Countries can transform global energy sector by fully implementing 2030 goals: IEA

26 Sep 2024

A new report from the International Energy Agency shows tripling renewables and doubling energy efficiency are possible with the right enabling conditions.

Why climate change investment pays off

25 Sep 2024

The cost of inaction on climate change far outweighs the cost of proactive investment, says new analysis issued at New York Climate Week.

Minister says buying offshore carbon credits ‘unrealistic’

12 Sep 2024

By Liz Kivi | Climate change minister Simon Watts says buying carbon mitigation offshore to meet the country’s international climate obligations is “unrealistic”.

Air NZ, Mitre 10 fall short in climate action rankings

10 Sep 2024

Air New Zealand and Mitre 10 have fallen short in a new ranking of 21 major companies based on their climate action targets.

UN-backed organisation approves Fonterra’s climate targets

19 Aug 2024

By Jon Rawlinson | The world’s top corporate climate-target verifier, the London-based Science Based Targets initiative, has approved Fonterra’s emissions reductions targets.

Govt keeping options open on international climate targets: Watts

15 Aug 2024

By Liz Kivi | The government is looking at multiple ways to meet New Zealand’s 2030 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC), according to climate change minister Simon Watts.

Govt shifts goalposts for key climate target

8 Aug 2024

The government has told the Climate Change Commission to remove consideration of the 1.5 degrees target from a forthcoming report, a move expected to lead to significantly weaker climate ambition.

How is the draft Emissions Reduction Plan supposed to work?

5 Aug 2024

COMMENT: In its new climate plan, the coalition government seems to be setting New Zealand up to withdraw from the world carbon market before 2035, argues economist Geoff Bertram.

Singapore Carbon Market Alliance launches

1 Aug 2024

Media release | The Singapore Economic Development Board and IETA have launched the Singapore Carbon Market Alliance, the first platform in Singapore aimed at helping companies obtain access to high-quality Article 6 carbon credits.

Significant risk Aotearoa will not meet climate targets: Climate Commission

31 Jul 2024

There is a significant risk that New Zealand will not meet future emissions reductions targets, according to a new report from the Climate Change Commission.

Adaptation
More >

Urban rewilding combats global biodiversity decline

Wed 28 May 2025

Media release | A new study led by the University of Sydney reveals how cities around the world are restoring wildlife to their former habitats in the face of ongoing urban sprawl.

Agriculture
More >

US dairy farmers consider return on climate-smart milk

22 May 2025

The approach is just one of many dairy practices now considered “climate-smart” because they could cut production of climate-warming gases.

Airlines
More >

Greenwashing is rife in Australia, but could its days be numbered?

Wed 28 May 2025

COMMENT: Have you ever ticked the box to “fly carbon neutral”, had something delivered via “carbon-neutral shipping” or chosen to pay a bit extra to buy “carbon-neutral gas” from your energy retailer?

Aviation
More >

Help sustainable aviation fuels take off or delay targets, airlines warn EU

20 May 2025

Earmarked funding, risk-reduction tools, and simplified imports top Airlines for Europe’s wish list for the EU’s upcoming Sustainable Transport Investment Plan.

Biodiversity
More >

Govt's RMA overhaul sparks fears for nature and climate

Fri 30 May 2025

By Shannon Morris-Williams | The Government has opened public consultation on the biggest overhaul of environmental planning rules in New Zealand’s history, with critics warning it puts nature and climate at risk in favour of fast-tracked development and industry expansion.

Biofuels
More >

Sustainability claims questioned as renewable diesel surges

14 May 2025

Critics are sceptical about industry claims of renewable diesel life-cycle greenhouse gas emission cuts and warn renewable diesel carbon releases will surge if sourcing is scaled up, triggering tropical deforestation as producers convert forests to energy crops, such as oil palm and soy.

Carbon Credits
More >

Govt mulls status quo for ETS auction settings

Thu 29 May 2025

By Liz Kivi | The government has released its consultation on the Climate Change Commission’s latest advice on Emissions Trading Scheme auction settings and volumes, putting forward the option to ignore the commission’s advice to boost auction volumes from 2028-2030.

Carbon News world
More >

Pacific Island nations support China's Taiwan claims at high-profile foreign ministers' meeting

Fri 30 May 2025

Pacific nations have backed China's claim over Taiwan during a high-profile meeting, but have shied away from directly endorsing Beijing's push to "reunify" the democratically ruled island with the mainland.

Carbon prices
More >
Kapanui Gas Field

Carbon price too low to fund carbon capture

20 May 2025

The government’s climate target to 2030 is at risk, after revelations that a carbon capture project which the government was relying on to deliver one third of its carbon reductions, might not go ahead.

Coal
More >

Fight over coal mine heats up

Fri 30 May 2025

Forest & Bird is calling on the government to create a new scientific reserve covering the Denniston Plateau on the West Coast, which would stop a fast-tracked coal mine.

Comment
More >
Kevin Trenberth protesting against Trump in April 2017.

Trump’s actions are already having consequences for climate, especially for the IPCC - expert

11 Apr 2025

Leading climate scientist, Dr Kevin Trenberth, left the US and came home to New Zealand because of the rise of Donald Trump. In this comment piece, he writes that he is appalled in multiple ways by the so-called “war on science” unfolding through staff cuts and the president’s policy edicts.

Construction
More >

Owning a green home could cut mortgage payback time by two years

9 May 2025

A green certified home plus a green mortgage and associated energy bill savings could save Kiwi families up to $98,800 over the course of their mortgage - the equivalent of being mortgage-free several years early, according to new research.

COP
More >

Cuts to climate finance put exports in jeopardy: Lawyers

23 May 2025

By Liz Kivi | The government has halved international climate finance, a move aid organisations describe as “devastating,” and which lawyers say could put our Paris Agreement commitments and export market access at risk.

Emissions trading
More >
Energy Minister Simon Watts addressing the CEP conference in Auckland this week

Watts talks big on energy reform, but barriers persist

Thu 29 May 2025

By Shannon Morris-Williams | Energy and Climate Change minister Simon Watts says the government is doubling down on efforts to boost renewable energy generation, streamline regulation, and drive private sector investment as New Zealand faces mounting energy security and affordability challenges.

Energy
More >

Could ‘orange’ hydrogen be NZ’s key to net-zero?

Fri 30 May 2025

By Liz Kivi | New Zealand could be sitting on resources for a thriving multi-billion-dollar, low-carbon hydrogen economy, which might even be capable of creating a net reduction of carbon dioxide, according to scientists.

Extinction
More >
Gas tanks at Te Whakaraupō Lyttelton Harbour

Govt budgets $200m for would-be gas investors

23 May 2025

By Liz Kivi | Energy Resources Aotearoa has welcomed the government's plan to co-invest $200 million in fossil gas expansion, while environmental and climate groups have reacted with horror.

Extreme weather
More >

Glacier collapse buries most of Swiss village

Fri 30 May 2025

The Swiss village of Blatten has been partially destroyed after a huge chunk of glacier crashed down into the valley.

Fishing
More >
Minister for Oceans and Fisheries Shane Jones with EDS chief executive Gary Taylor

Oceans Commission must have teeth – minister

14 May 2025

If an Oceans Commission were to be established under the government it would need genuine powers to make change, says Minister for Oceans and Fisheries Shane Jones.

Forestry
More >
Dan Hikuroa

Water crisis on the horizon?

Mon 26 May 2025

Media release | Sewage contaminating Auckland oyster farms highlights the “dire state” of water infrastructure in Aotearoa, says University of Auckland Associate Professor Daniel Hikuroa.

Gas
More >

Why expensive gas – not net-zero – is keeping UK electricity prices so high

Wed 28 May 2025

The UK’s high electricity prices have become intensely political, with competing claims over the cause of rocketing bills and how best to get them down.

Geothermal
More >
Nesjavellir Geothermal Power Station in Iceland

Hotter and deeper: how NZ’s plan to drill for ‘supercritical’ geothermal energy holds promise and risk

2 Apr 2025

By David Dempsey, University of Canterbury | New Zealand’s North Island features a number of geothermal systems, several of which are used to generate some 1,000 MegaWatts of electricity. But deeper down there may be even more potential.

Green finance
More >

Electrification challenge for politicians, regulators

Tue 27 May 2025

Rewiring Aotearoa is calling for stronger political leadership to bring its vision of a cheaper, cleaner and stronger energy system to life, with the launch of its policy manifesto today.

Greenhouse Effect
More >
Nelson mayor Nick Smith

Nelson backs ‘ambitious’ emissions target, but mayor nervous

Mon 26 May 2025

By Max Frethey, Local Democracy Reporter | Nelson’s mayor has been accused of “pouring cold water” on ambitious greenhouse gas emission targets proposed for the city.

Greenwashing
More >

Energy Australia is in court accused of greenwashing. What is the case about and why is it significant?

16 May 2025

Climate group alleges energy giant misled 400,000 customers about ‘Go Neutral’ product, arguing that carbon credits don’t actually remove emissions.

Hydro power
More >

Methanex closure comes early this year

14 May 2025

The almost-now-annual closure of Methanex has come earlier this year, giving more confidence that the electricity system will get through the winter without a fuel shortfall.

Hydrogen
More >

While govt ‘refreshes’ fund for low carbon trucks, are transport emissions set to accelerate?

Wed 28 May 2025

By Liz Kivi | The government has announced it is updating the Low Emissions Heavy Vehicle Fund, however cuts to funds to decarbonise transport in last week’s budget, and potential changes to road user charges, could stall transport emissions reductions.

Insurance
More >

Climate change could drive surge in foreclosures and lender losses, new study finds

22 May 2025

Extreme weather linked to climate change could spell financial ruin for many American homeowners and lead to billions in losses for lenders, a new study finds.

Kyoto
More >

Will NZ walk away from the Paris Agreement?

20 Dec 2024

By Geoff Bertram | COMMENT: Unless the government can find very cheap offshore mitigation, the temptation to walk away from its Paris Agreement obligations may well be too strong to resist for a coalition government focused on fiscal austerity.

Litigation
More >
Members of the Parents for Climate group, and lawyer David Hertzberg, outside the federal court in Sydney. The advocacy group accused Energy Australia of greenwashing. The parties have now agreed to a settlement.

Energy Australia apologises to 400,000 customers and settles greenwashing legal action

22 May 2025

Energy retailer says carbon offsetting ‘not the most effective way’ to reduce emissions.

Low carbon
More >

Kiwi cleantech companies on the world stage

Tue 27 May 2025

Six New Zealand 'cleantech' companies were in Singapore earlier this month, along with a venture capital firm and the MacDiarmid Institute, to meet investors and multinational partners.

Market advice
More >

Carbon News launches price index

24 Jun 2024

Today’s issue is the first to feature Carbon News’ own carbon price index for secondary market spot prices for NZUs on New Zealand’s compliance market.

Mining
More >

New research reveals NZ’s natural resource footprint

Thu 29 May 2025

Media release | New research from the office of the Parliamentary Commissioner for the Environment reveals that about 107 million tonnes of natural resources were required to produce the goods and services consumed by New Zealanders in 2019 – approximately 21 tonnes per person on average.

Oceans
More >

World’s nations to gather in France to tackle what UN says is a global emergency in the oceans

Fri 30 May 2025

The world’s nations are gathering in France next month to tackle what the United Nations calls a global emergency facing the world’s oceans as they confront rising temperatures, plastic pollution choking marine life, and relentless overexploitation of fish and other resources.

Planetary boundaries
More >

Warm water affecting Antarctica’s largest ice shelf - new research

22 Apr 2025

While Antarctica’s Ross Ice Shelf is currently stable, new research shows warm water is reaching up to 170 kilometres under the front of the ice shelf.

Plastics
More >

NZ's first chance in 20 years to catch up on waste

Fri 30 May 2025

Media release | The government has announced proposals for updating the Waste Minimisation Act and the Litter Act. For the first time in nearly 20 years, Kiwis have a chance to catch up with other countries to reduce our waste and litter.

Protest
More >

Dismissals 'massive win' for climate movement

13 May 2025

The outstanding charges against 25 climate activists who disrupted traffic in Wellington have been dropped, a move the group calls a win for the climate movement.

Rare earth minerals
More >
New Zealand Minerals Council chief executive Josie Vidal

Straterra has a new name: the New Zealand Minerals Council

16 Apr 2025

Media release | Straterra has been renamed as New Zealand Minerals Council, says chief executive Josie Vidal.

Renewable energy
More >

For the first time, China invests more in wind and solar than coal overseas

Thu 29 May 2025

China’s Belt and Road Initiative, long derided for its heavy carbon footprint, was dominated by wind and solar power projects for the first time from 2022 to 2023, according to a new analysis. But coal plants financed in earlier years are still coming online.

Science
More >

A fungus that can ‘eat you from the inside out’ could spread as the world heats up

Tue 27 May 2025

Infection-causing fungi responsible for millions of deaths a year will spread significantly to new regions as the planet heats up, new research predicts — and the world is not prepared.

Tax
More >

Green budget 'ludicrous la-la land' – govt

15 May 2025

Prime Minister Christopher Luxon said the budget was "clown show economics" and an "absolute circus".

The House
More >

United Nations carbon market rules agreed but concerns remain

25 Nov 2024

New carbon market rules agreed at the fractious UN climate summit will be a relief to New Zealand and Singapore, who were leading the negotiations, but concerns about greenwashing and disadvantaging nature-based solutions remain.

Transport
More >

More than 1 in 4 cars sold globally in 2025 expected to be EV: IEA report

Mon 26 May 2025

According to the Global EV Outlook 2025 report from the International Energy Agency (IEA), 2025 is set to be big for EV sales. The report predicts that about one in four cars sold worldwide this year will be electric, despite overall market uncertainties.

United Nations
More >

Europe’s next climate target may already have been agreed in Berlin

Wed 28 May 2025

Germany’s new coalition has adopted a climate stance shaped by talks with the EU’s top climate official, signalling where the bloc may land on a likely upcoming 2040 emissions target.

Water
More >

Global sea levels rise spelling catastrophe for coastal towns and cities

14 May 2025

For around 2,000 years, global sea levels varied little. That changed in the 20th century. They started rising and have not stopped since — and the pace is accelerating.

Wildfires
More >

Tropical forest loss hit new heights in 2024; fire a major driver in Latin America

23 May 2025

Tropical forest loss skyrocketed in 2024, with vast swaths of primary forest consumed by fire, according to new satellite data.

Wind energy
More >
Rod Carr

NZ moving too slowly to decarbonise – former commission chair

22 May 2025

By Liz Kivi | New Zealand's energy transition is too slow and too controlled by vested interests, according to former Climate Change Commission chair Rod Carr.

More in: Paris Agreement
Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 2 of 9 Next
Carbon News

Subscriptions, Advertising & General

[email protected]

Editorial

[email protected]

We welcome comments, news tips and suggestions - please also use this address to submit all media releases for News Direct).

Useful Links
Home About Carbon News Contact us Advertising Subscribe Service Policies
New Zealand
Politics Energy Agriculture Carbon emissions Transport Forestry Business
International
Australia United States China Europe United Kingdom Canada Asia Pacific Antarctic/Arctic Africa South America United Nations
Home
Markets
Analysis NZ carbon price
News Direct
Media releases Climate calendar

© 2008-2025 Carbon News. All Rights Reserved. • Your IP Address: 216.73.216.87 • User account: Sign In

Please wait...
Audit log: